Abstract:
The Reflective Impulsive Model poses that trait and state factors can
predispose individuals to increased attentional and decreased inhibitory processing
of food cues, which can lead to overeating. It is unknown, however, whether the way
that food is mentally represented contributes to this form of food cue processing. To
fill this gap, the current dissertation aimed to uncover the contribution of mental
representations of food to overeating. To this end, we investigated food- and
modality-dependent attentional processing and inhibitory control in a sample of
fasted individuals and a sample of restrained eaters (RE).
In the first study, electrophysiological data from a rapid serial visual
presentation task indicated more motivated attention towards food pictures than nonfood
pictures, whereas attention was the same towards food and (non-)food words.
Our behavioral data, however, indicated that RE had a smaller attentional bias
towards food pictures than URE.
In the second study, results indicated that fasted individuals have similar
inhibitory control for food words and pictures, whereas they had worse inhibitory
control for non-food pictures than words on a stop signal task. Additionally, in a
reanalysis of this study, we found that RE have worse inhibitory control for non-food
pictures than words, while they had better inhibitory control for food pictures than
food words.
Taken together, food words were unexpectedly associated with lower levels of
inhibitory control, while RE had better inhibitory control to food pictures than food
words. We therefore postulate that food words are represented in a similar modality
as food pictures. Moreover, in RE we theorize that valence and dieting goals may
mediate the representation of (non-)food cues through approach and avoidance
motivational orientations.