Abstract:
Synaptic plasticity, a critical determinant of learning and memory consolidation, is governed by dynamic modulation of synaptic transmission efficacy. Previous research has implicated the NO/cGMP/cGKI pathway in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions; however, cGKI's precise postsynaptic role remains incompletely defined, warranting further investigation.
In this study, a CA1 pyramidal neuron-specific cKO mice was employed to investigate cGKI's contribution to activity-dependent hippocampal synaptic transmission and hippocampus-dependent memory formation.
Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed selective cGKI depletion within the CA1 region of the hippocampus. In accordance with a significant finding regarding the role of cGKI in spatial learning, cKO mice showed marked difficulties in acquiring goal-directed navigation strategies in the MWM, followed by impairments in memory formation. These behavioral deficits were accompanied by a significant reduction of CA3–CA1 long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices from cKO animals, as revealed by electrophysiological recordings. This observation is supported by the finding that chemically induced LTP resulted in lower GluA1 S845 phosphorylation levels in cKO slices compared with CTRL slices. Furthermore, pharmacological elevation of cGMP by CIN or VAR during cLTP selectively enhanced GluA1 S845 phosphorylation in CTRL, but not in cKO tissue. Furthermore, cLTP has been demonstrated to augment the occurrence of intracellular Ca²⁺ oscillations, as measured by fura-2, in primary hippocampal neurons. This effect was found to be further potentiated by CIN, VAR, and 8-Br-cGMP.
Collectively, these data support a model in which cGKI shapes hippocampal synaptic plasticity by regulating oscillatory Ca²⁺ influx during LTP induction. This mechanism underscores the cGMP/cGKI signalling axis as a promising pharmacological target for addressing cognitive dysfunction.