Abstract:
X-ray binaries (XRBs), being the endpoints of the stellar evolution of massive stars,
represent unique space laboratories for high-energy astrophysics. XRB research can in-
clude both extensive studies of their population as a whole, and in-depth analysis of
individual binary systems. Population studies of XRBs play key role in understanding
both the evolution of massive stars and the properties of the host galaxy, showing how
high-energy physical processes appear on a large scale. Observational analysis and theo-
retical modellings of individual systems, in turn, while tracking the behaviour of specific
XRBs, provide an opportunity to dig deep into specific mechanisms, and answer funda-
mental questions of modern astrophysics.
One of the main goals of population studies is to form a representative sample, i.e.
to detect and identify a substantial fraction of existing sources, XRBs in our case. This
includes two tasks: 1) careful collection of the information regarding all discovered XRBs
in our Galaxy; 2) search for new (previously unknown) Galactic XRBs. Both of these
tasks present a number of challenges.
First of all, existing archives of known XRBs might be incomplete. At the time this
work has started, the latest catalogues of Galactic low-mass (LMXBs) and high-mass
(HMXBs) X-ray binaries, were vastly outdated (Liu et al., 2006, 2007, Ritter and Kolb,
2003). Since their latest updates, many new transient and persistent objects have been
discovered. In this context, we have compiled two new catalogues of the Galactic LMXBs
and HMXBs, as presented in the Papers I and II, respectively. They provide an up-to-
date census of known XRBs in our Galaxy along with various multiwavelength (MWL)
information (best astromentry available, timing, photometry and other data) extracted
from current X-ray/optical and infrared (IR) surveys. Our catalogues together contain
more than 500 XRBs, which represents ≈ 70% increase in volume with respect to the
most extensive catalogues of the past.
Secondly, the search for new XRBs is complicated by the fact that the majority of them
are expected to have relatively low X-ray luminosities L x ≲ 10 34−35 erg/s (Doroshenko
et al., 2014a, Grimm et al., 2002, Lutovinov et al., 2013, Mineo et al., 2011, Revnivtsev
et al., 2008, Voss and Ajello, 2010). Thus, they likely escaped detection in current wide-
area X-ray surveys with moderate sensitivity and/or strong absorption in the Galactic
plane (where most XRBs are located). The situation, however, began to change thanks
to the all-sky survey performed by the extended ROentgen Survey Imaging Telescope
Array (eROSITA, Merloni et al., 2012, Predehl et al., 2021), which had it’s first data
release (eRASS DR1) in the beginning of 2024. In the Paper III we conducted a search for
new Galactic XRBs among eRASS DR1 sources and presented two catalogues of Galactic
XRB candidates. Catalogue tables include X-ray properties from eRASS DR1 and char-
acteristics of the identified optical/IR counterparts for 192 XRB candidates in total. The
selection of the counterparts and final MWL classification were both accomplished using
supervised machine-learning methods as part of a single procedure tuned specifically to
XRBs search.
Building upon that work, in the Paper IV we report on the follow-up observations of
two XRB candidates (1eRASS J061330.8+160440 and 1eRASS J161201.9-464622) with
X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton, Jansen et al., 2001). The XRB candidates
were selected for follow-up based on the preliminary analysis of the first eROSITA X-ray
survey (eRASS1). With XMM-Newton observations the X-ray positions were refined, cor-
responding optical/IR counterparts were identified. Based on the detailed spectral, timing
and MWL analysis conducted in the work, we concluded that both of our candidates are unlikely to be XRBs. 1eRASS J061330.8+160440 is found to be an M-type chromospher-
ically active subgiant with rich H alpha emission and optical periodicity of 7.189 days likely
attributed to starspot(s). On the other hand, 1eRASS J161201.9-464622 is defined as a
second eROSITA-discovered nonmagnetic novalike cataclysmic variable with a tentative
orbital period of 4.832 h. We emphasise, that now clarified to be erroneous selection of
these candidates was mainly due to the relatively high X-ray flux in eRASS1 (derived
based on preliminary eROSITA processing pipeline (c946) available at the time, not a
part of the public release). In other words, while we have already demonstrated the
ability of eROSITA to identify new XRBs, there is room for improving the accuracy.
Regarding the observational and theoretical analysis of individual sources, in the Paper
V we study the viscous evolution of an accretion disc in the presence of the thermal wind
occurring from its surface. A numerical method was developed and implemented as a
part of the open code freddi written by us (Avakyan et al., 2019, 2021, Lipunova and
Malanchev, 2017, Lipunova et al., 2022), which solves 1-D evolution equation of Shakura-
Sunyaev (Shakura and Sunyaev, 1973) accretion disc. Using the implemented thermal
wind model from Woods et al. (1996), we have simulated and fitted the evolution of the
LMXB 4U 1543−47 outburst of 2002. Model was applied to the analysis of the archival
observations made by Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observatory (RXTE, Jahoda et al.,
1996). It was found, that if the thermal wind is ignored, the observational value of the
turbulent viscosity parameter α for the particular outburst is overestimated by about a
factor of 1.6. In was also found that while V band flux could be explained within our
model, it still cannot fully match for J band flux. This may be a sign of the presence of
some, yet unaccounted, source of additional optical/IR radiation, possibly a jet. Finally,
we conclude that the modellings and observations are in favour of the disc outflow’s
presence, however thermal wind cannot fully explain the evolution of the outbursts.
Ultimately, this dissertation provides a wide study in areas of population, observa-
tional, theoretical, simulation and archival analysis of XRBs in our Galaxy, giving a large
basis for future works in different parts of high-energy astrophysics science.