Abstract:
This chapter discusses the development through time of the Trojan landscape from the earliest traces of human
settlement activities up to the period around 1750 BC – that is, to the beginning of the developed Middle Bronze
Age. The discovery of find-spots is considered from the perspective of the history of research, and attention is particularly given to a chronological evaluation of the various settlements and to their spatial distribution. Presentlyknown
prehistoric settlements are concentrated mostly in the coastal area and on the fringes of alluvial plains.
Less well represented, however, are those in the uplands and mountainous terrain of the interior. The earliest
settlement of the Troad must be placed during the Neolithic. Numerous sites have yielded Chalcolithic material,
and in the course of the archaeological investigations at Kumtepe an early Fifth Millennium BC horizon was
found to be attested by period IA. Sites such as Beşik-Sivritepe, Çıplak, and Gülpınar may represent a further, adjoining
phase, but at present there are no more than suggestive indications of its relative chronological position.
Only in the Fourth Millennium does the Late Chalcolithic Kumtepe IB appear, together with numerous other
comparable sites in and beyond the Troad. In this period the intensity of settlement increases noticeably, a trend
which continues into the Early Bronze Age with Troy I and even strengthens, before the pattern changes in the
developed Troy I period and especially from Troy II onwards to that of a centralized settlement structure with
few central places. Already from this period Hisarlık/Troy had assumed the position of a dominant central place,
a position which it retained to the end of the Bronze Age.